BUSINESS ICONS
8.3
81
VOCABULARY
COLLOCATIONS (2)
4
a
The texts contain some business collocations, e.g.
set up/found a company.
Match the verbs in the box with the words and phrases
below to make more collocations.
run set up do make reduce go recruit launch
1
a business plan,
money / a profit
2
into partnership,
out of business
3
an overseas branch,
a company
4
a new product range,
an advertising
campaign
5
some market research,
the first
year accounts
6
the business badly,
a factory
7
a new manager,
talented employees
8
production costs,
the number of staff
4
b
Put the collocations from Exercise 4a into a
logical order in the life of a company. Discuss your
ideas with a partner.
before
start
during
end
make a
business plan
go out of
business
GRAMMAR
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
5
a
Look at these two sentences from the text about
Zaha Hadid and underline the verbs.
Hadid became the first woman to win the famous
Pritzker Prize for architecture after she had already won
Britain’s RIBA Stirling Prize ...
By 1979, Hadid had created her own architecture
company, but she struggled to get noticed until 1988 ...
5
b
Answer the following questions and complete
the rule.
1
Which verb in each sentence is in the past simple?
(The other verb is in the past perfect simple.)
2
Which action happened first in each sentence?
3
Which action happened second?
4
Do we use the past perfect simple for the action that
happened first or the action that happened second?
We form the past perfect simple with
+ (not) +
the past participle.
5
c
Find the two sentences in the texts that start as
below. Which tense do we often use to talk about
events that happened by a certain time?
1
By the end of his life, … (text 3, para 4)
2
By the time of his death, … (text 4, para 1)
Ê
Language reference and extra practice pages 140–141
6
Complete the text with the past simple or past
perfect of the verbs in brackets.
‘By the time she
1
(be) 19, Amina Al Hawaj
2
(create) a revolutionary physiotherapy machine called
the ‘Almond’. By the age of twenty, she
3
(follow)
that invention with a superior machine called the
‘Stamna’. At the time, Al Hawaj
4
(describe) the
physiotherapy machines as ‘Animatherapy’ and her
inventions
5
(gain) worldwide recognition. She also
6
(bring) attention to the important role Bahrain
played in supporting gifted young people. By 2014, Al
Hawaj
7
(win) the ‘Diamond Award’ at the British
invention Society’s annual competition and, by 2015, she
8
(become) the first ambassador for invention in the
Arab world.
7
a
What had the following people done by the ages/
dates mentioned? Match the sentences 1–9 with the
phrases a–i.
1
By 1979, Zaha Hadid …
2
By the time of his death, Chaleo Yoovidhya …
3
By the time she was 17, Joy Covey …
4
By 1990, Mark McCormack …
5
By the age of six, Mozart …
6
By the age of twenty-two, Usain Bolt …
7
By the age of five, Leonardo DiCaprio …
8
By the age of twenty-two, Lionel Messi …
9
By the age of twenty-seven, Amy Johnson …
a
move to Fresno, California
b
win the FIFA player of the year
c
break the 100m and 200m world records
d
create his/her own company
e
fly to Australia
f
compose his/her first piece of music
g
become the most powerful person in sport
h
appear on TV
i
become one of Asia’s richest men
7
b
Check your answers with a partner by making
sentences with the past perfect.
‘
What had Zaha Hadid done by 1979?’
‘
She had created her own company.’
SPEAKING
8
Discuss these questions.
1
Who are the business icons in Bahrain?
2
Why are they successful?
3
Who is the most successful person you know?
4
Why are they successful?
