SHOULD UNIVERSITY BE FREE?
6.3
61
GRAMMAR
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
5
a
Look at these examples from the article of a
non-defining relative clause and a defining relative clause.
His attitude,
which was very unsympathetic to
students
, made me angry.
People
who go to university
will earn more.
Which relative clause:
a
gives extra information about the person, thing or
idea in the main clause?
b
gives essential information that completes the
meaning of the sentence?
5
b
Look at the highlighted examples of non-defining
relative clauses in the article and choose the correct
answers in the rules for this type of relative clause.
Non-defining relative clauses:
1
have
/
do not have
commas before them, and after
them if necessary.
2
do
/
do not
use
that
.
GRAMMAR TIP
Non-defining relative clauses can come in the middle
or at the end of the sentence:
Barbara, who spent three years at university in
Cambridge, is going back to live there.
Barbara is going back to live in Cambridge, where she
spent three years at university.
Ê
Language reference and extra practice pages 136–137
6
Read the sentences and put commas where necessary.
1
Oxford University
,
which was number four in world
university rankings last year
,
has fallen to number
eight.
2
John F Kennedy went to Harvard University which is the
oldest institution of higher education in the United States.
3
Jean-Jacques Rousseau who was born in 1712 set
out his views on education in his book
Emile
.
4
The Kumon method for teaching Maths was developed
by Toru Kumon who graduated from Osaka University.
5
Oxford’s Bodleian library which is one of the oldest
libraries in Europe was originally founded in 1320.
6
Heidelberg University which was founded in 1386
has its own student prison.
7
Join the following pairs of sentences to make one
sentence containing a non-defining relative clause.
Use
whose
,
which
,
who
and
where
. Use commas
appropriately.
1
American universities are now facing a lot of
competition. They have attracted the world’s best
students for over 50 years.
American universities, which have attracted the
world’s best students for over 50 years, are now
facing a lot of competition.
2
Last month I went back to the Sorbonne. I had
studied history there.
3
There are over 39,000 students at the University of
Manchester. It’s the biggest university in the UK.
4
Aristotle wrote books on many subjects. He studied
under Plato.
5
Hilary studied politics at Harvard. She has just been
offered a professorship there.
8
Write sentences that are true for you using these
prompts. Include extra information using non-defining
relative clauses.
My home town
Manchester, which has the largest university population
in the UK, is in the north west of the country.
My home town
My university
My school
My mother
LISTENING AND SPEAKING
9
6.3
Listen to four people talking about university.
Which speaker(s):
1
thinks going to university was a waste of time?
2
thinks their degree is a big advantage?
3
did not work hard?
4
doesn’t think or is unsure that their degree helped
them get a job?
10
a
Work in groups of four. You are going to read
some information about the educational system of a
country. Make notes.
Student A:
Turn to page 156.
Student C:
Turn to page 160.
Student B:
Turn to page 159.
Student D:
Turn to page 162.
10
b
Tell your group about the educational system you
have read about. Compare the different systems with
the system in Bahrain. Which system is most like yours?
Which would you most like to study/have studied in?
